Northern Bedstraw (Galium boreale) - Sikkim Flora

Scientific classification

Kingdom:       Plantae

Order:            Gentianales

Family:           Rubiaceae

Genus:            Galium

Species:          G. boreale

Binomial name: Galium boreale L. 1753

Other Names:  Northern bedstraw

Special feature: G. boreale is a perennial plant that dies back to the ground every winter. Established plants spread by rhizomes, creating colonies of new plants around the original one

The squarish unbranched stems may grow between 20 centimetres (7.9 in) and 50 centimetres (20 in) tall. The leaves are attached directly to the stem in groups of four; spaced evenly like the spokes of a wheel. Leaves are longer than they are wide and have three prominent veins.

The small white flowers grow in fairly showy panicles from the top of the stem. Each individual flower has 4 pointed segments that fold back from a fused tube enclosing the stamens and pistil. The lightly perfumed flowers have no calyx. Seeds are formed in pairs in dark fruits that may be covered in short hairs.

Gallium boreale is edible, with a sweet smell and taste, and can be eaten as a wild salad green. (Source: Wikipedia)

Identified by: Debasis Chattopadhyay

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Chinese Lard Seed (Hodgsonia heteroclita) - Sikkim Flora

Scientific classification

Kingdom:       Plantae

Order:             Cucurbitales

Family:            Cucurbitaceae

Subfamily:      Cucurbitoideae

Tribe:              Sicyoeae

Genus:            Hodgsonia

Species:           H. Heteroclite

Binomial name: H. Heteroclite, Hook.f. & Thomson 1853

Other Names:  Chinese Lard Seed 

Special feature: Hodgsonia is a small genus of fruit-bearing vines in the family Cucurbitaceae.

Hodgsonia was named for Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1853 by British botanists Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson, who examined the plant under Hodgson's hospitality in the Himalaya.

Although the flesh of Hodgsonia fruit is inedible and considered worthless, the large, oil-rich seeds are an important source of food.

The medicinal importance of Hodgsonia is mostly in its leaves. In Malaya and java, native physicians report several uses for the nose. The leaves may be dried and burnt, and the smoke inhaled, or the juice of young stems and leaves is squeezed into the nostrils to allay irritation from small insects. The leaves are also boiled and the resulting liquid taken internally, both for nose complaints and to reduce fevers.

In Nagaland, the fruit bulb is applied to bacterial infections in the feet. In Sarawak, Hodgsonia oil is used to anoint the bodies of mothers after childbirth; it also forms the base of embrocations carrying ashes from the leaves of coconut palm and Kaempferia. The oil is also used as a base for medicines in Eastern India. (Source : Wikipedia)

Junonia orithya (Blue Pansy) - Sikkim Butterfly

Scientific Classification

Kingdom:        Animalia
Phylum:          Arthopoda
Class:              Insecta
Order:             Lepidoptera
Family:           Nymphalidae
Genus:            Junonia.

Species:          Junonia orithya (Linnaeus, 1758)

Other Names: Its common English name is the Blue Pansy. In Southern Africa it is known as the Eyed Pansy. In Australia, this butterfly is known as the Blue Argus. 

Cleora sp. - Sikkim Moth

Scientific Classification

Kingdom:        Animalia

Class:               Insecta
Order:              Lepidoptera
Family:            Geometridae
Subfamily:       Ennominae
Tribe:               Boarmiini
Genus:             Cleora

Identified at: The Moth And Butterfly Identification Forum ( Facebook Page)

Prosotas nora (Common Lineblue) - Sikkim Butterfly

Scientific classification 

Kingdom:       Animalia

Phylum:          Arthropoda

Class:              Insecta

Order:            Lepidoptera

Family:           Lycaenidae

Genus:            Prosotas

Species:           P. Nora

Binomial name: Prosotas nora (Felder, 1860)

Other Names: Common Lineblue

Special feature: The under-surfaces of the wings of both sexes are fawn, with multiple arcs of white dashes, and with a black spot beside the tail of each hind wing. The wingspan is about 2 cms.

Identified at:

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10156049160735974&set=gm.1816286748471962&type=3&av=534315973&eav=Afa0IEZqQWWfD_7HIj2CctLIOnvEaNzmtNUie84DNDSWQCv1CV8Ygk_hN8YpsXF764M&eid=ARBPN5CxXXBfGAWh-MYzy4VQYmQfAG2-zwkRe3wa28RtWtSEcBdP9Hwn7xy8swOxKu-rKNcEmvIx1SnC&ifg=1